TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fan, Zhenxin
A1  - Silva, Pedro
A1  - Gronau, Ilan
A1  - Wang, Shuoguo
A1  - Armero, Aitor Serres
A1  - Schweizer, Rena M.
A1  - Ramirez, Oscar
A1  - Pollinger, John
A1  - Galaverni, Marco
A1  - Ortega Del-Vecchyo, Diego
A1  - Du, Lianming
A1  - Zhang, Wenping
A1  - Zhang, Zhihe
A1  - Xing, Jinchuan
A1  - Vilà, Carles
A1  - Marques-Bonet, Tomas
A1  - Godinho, Raquel
A1  - Yue, Bisong
A1  - Wayne, Robert K.
T1  - Worldwide patterns of genomic variation and admixture in gray wolves
Y1  - 2016/02/01 
JF  - Genome Research 
JO  - Genome Research 
SP  - 163 
EP  - 173 
DO  - 10.1101/gr.197517.115 
VL  - 26 
IS  - 2 
UR  - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/26/2/163.abstract 
N2  - The gray wolf (Canis lupus) is a widely distributed top predator and ancestor of the domestic dog. To address questions about wolf relationships to each other and dogs, we assembled and analyzed a data set of 34 canine genomes. The divergence between New and Old World wolves is the earliest branching event and is followed by the divergence of Old World wolves and dogs, confirming that the dog was domesticated in the Old World. However, no single wolf population is more closely related to dogs, supporting the hypothesis that dogs were derived from an extinct wolf population. All extant wolves have a surprisingly recent common ancestry and experienced a dramatic population decline beginning at least ∼30 thousand years ago (kya). We suggest this crisis was related to the colonization of Eurasia by modern human hunter–gatherers, who competed with wolves for limited prey but also domesticated them, leading to a compensatory population expansion of dogs. We found extensive admixture between dogs and wolves, with up to 25% of Eurasian wolf genomes showing signs of dog ancestry. Dogs have influenced the recent history of wolves through admixture and vice versa, potentially enhancing adaptation. Simple scenarios of dog domestication are confounded by admixture, and studies that do not take admixture into account with specific demographic models are problematic. 
ER  -