TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stavreva, Diana A.
A1  - Coulon, Antoine
A1  - Baek, Songjoon
A1  - Sung, Myong-Hee
A1  - John, Sam
A1  - Stixova, Lenka
A1  - Tesikova, Martina
A1  - Hakim, Ofir
A1  - Miranda, Tina
A1  - Hawkins, Mary
A1  - Stamatoyannopoulos, John A.
A1  - Chow, Carson C.
A1  - Hager, Gordon L.
T1  - Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and long-range interactions in response to glucocorticoid pulsing
Y1  - 2015/06/01 
JF  - Genome Research 
JO  - Genome Research 
SP  - 845 
EP  - 857 
DO  - 10.1101/gr.184168.114 
VL  - 25 
IS  - 6 
UR  - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/25/6/845.abstract 
N2  - Although physiological steroid levels are often pulsatile (ultradian), the genomic effects of this pulsatility are poorly understood. By utilizing glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling as a model system, we uncovered striking spatiotemporal relationships between receptor loading, lifetimes of the DNase I hypersensitivity sites (DHSs), long-range interactions, and gene regulation. We found that hormone-induced DHSs were enriched within ±50 kb of GR-responsive genes and displayed a broad spectrum of lifetimes upon hormone withdrawal. These lifetimes dictate the strength of the DHS interactions with gene targets and contribute to gene regulation from a distance. Our results demonstrate that pulsatile and constant hormone stimulations induce unique, treatment-specific patterns of gene and regulatory element activation. These modes of activation have implications for corticosteroid function in vivo and for steroid therapies in various clinical settings. 
ER  -