RT Journal
A1 Karmin, Monika
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A1 Vicente, Mário
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A1 Karafet, Tatiana M.
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A1 Bradman, Neil
A1 Hammer, Michael F.
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A1 Balanovsky, Oleg
A1 Khusnutdinova, Elza K.
A1 Johnsen, Knut
A1 Remm, Maido
A1 Thomas, Mark G.
A1 Tyler-Smith, Chris
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A1 Kivisild, Toomas
T1 A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2015 
FD April 01 
VO 25 
IS 4 
SP 459 
OP 466 
DO 10.1101/gr.186684.114 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/25/4/459.abstract 
AB It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.