RT Journal
A1 Sakurai, Masayuki
A1 Ueda, Hiroki
A1 Yano, Takanori
A1 Okada, Shunpei
A1 Terajima, Hideki
A1 Mitsuyama, Toutai
A1 Toyoda, Atsushi
A1 Fujiyama, Asao
A1 Kawabata, Hitomi
A1 Suzuki, Tsutomu
T1 A biochemical landscape of A-to-I RNA editing in the human brain transcriptome
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2014 
FD March 01 
VO 24 
IS 3 
SP 522 
OP 534 
DO 10.1101/gr.162537.113 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/24/3/522.abstract 
AB Inosine is an abundant RNA modification in the human transcriptome and is essential for many biological processes in modulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosines to inosines (A-to-I editing) in double-stranded regions. We previously established a biochemical method called “inosine chemical erasing” (ICE) to directly identify inosines on RNA strands with high reliability. Here, we have applied the ICE method combined with deep sequencing (ICE-seq) to conduct an unbiased genome-wide screening of A-to-I editing sites in the transcriptome of human adult brain. Taken together with the sites identified by the conventional ICE method, we mapped 19,791 novel sites and newly found 1258 edited mRNAs, including 66 novel sites in coding regions, 41 of which cause altered amino acid assignment. ICE-seq detected novel editing sites in various repeat elements as well as in short hairpins. Gene ontology analysis revealed that these edited mRNAs are associated with transcription, energy metabolism, and neurological disorders, providing new insights into various aspects of human brain functions.