TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sudmant, Peter H.
A1  - Huddleston, John
A1  - Catacchio, Claudia R.
A1  - Malig, Maika
A1  - Hillier, LaDeana W.
A1  - Baker, Carl
A1  - Mohajeri, Kiana
A1  - Kondova, Ivanela
A1  - Bontrop, Ronald E.
A1  - Persengiev, Stephan
A1  - Antonacci, Francesca
A1  - Ventura, Mario
A1  - Prado-Martinez, Javier
A1  - Great Ape Genome Project
A1  - Marques-Bonet, Tomas
A1  - Eichler, Evan E.
T1  - Evolution and diversity of copy number variation in the great ape lineage
Y1  - 2013/09/01 
JF  - Genome Research 
JO  - Genome Research 
SP  - 1373 
EP  - 1382 
DO  - 10.1101/gr.158543.113 
VL  - 23 
IS  - 9 
UR  - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/23/9/1373.abstract 
N2  - Copy number variation (CNV) contributes to disease and has restructured the genomes of great apes. The diversity and rate of this process, however, have not been extensively explored among great ape lineages. We analyzed 97 deeply sequenced great ape and human genomes and estimate 16% (469 Mb) of the hominid genome has been affected by recent CNV. We identify a comprehensive set of fixed gene deletions (n = 340) and duplications (n = 405) as well as >13.5 Mb of sequence that has been specifically lost on the human lineage. We compared the diversity and rates of copy number and single nucleotide variation across the hominid phylogeny. We find that CNV diversity partially correlates with single nucleotide diversity (r2 = 0.5) and recapitulates the phylogeny of apes with few exceptions. Duplications significantly outpace deletions (2.8-fold). The load of segregating duplications remains significantly higher in bonobos, Western chimpanzees, and Sumatran orangutans—populations that have experienced recent genetic bottlenecks (P = 0.0014, 0.02, and 0.0088, respectively). The rate of fixed deletion has been more clocklike with the exception of the chimpanzee lineage, where we observe a twofold increase in the chimpanzee–bonobo ancestor (P = 4.79 × 10−9) and increased deletion load among Western chimpanzees (P = 0.002). The latter includes the first genomic disorder in a chimpanzee with features resembling Smith-Magenis syndrome mediated by a chimpanzee-specific increase in segmental duplication complexity. We hypothesize that demographic effects, such as bottlenecks, have contributed to larger and more gene-rich segments being deleted in the chimpanzee lineage and that this effect, more generally, may account for episodic bursts in CNV during hominid evolution. 
ER  -