@article{Wei01022013,
author = {Wei, Wei and Ayub, Qasim and Chen, Yuan and McCarthy, Shane and Hou, Yiping and Carbone, Ignazio and Xue, Yali and Tyler-Smith, Chris}, 
title = {A calibrated human Y-chromosomal phylogeny based on resequencing},
volume = {23}, 
number = {2}, 
pages = {388-395}, 
year = {2013}, 
doi = {10.1101/gr.143198.112}, 
abstract ={We have identified variants present in high-coverage complete sequences of 36 diverse human Y chromosomes from Africa, Europe, South Asia, East Asia, and the Americas, representing eight major haplogroups. After restricting our analysis to 8.97 Mb of the unique male-specific Y sequence, we identified 6662 high-confidence variants, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), multi-nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs), and indels. We constructed phylogenetic trees using these variants, or subsets of them, and recapitulated the known structure of the tree. Assuming a male mutation rate of 1 × 10−9 per base pair per year, the time depth of the tree (haplogroups A3-R) was ∼101,000–115,000 yr, and the lineages found outside Africa dated to 57,000–74,000 yr, both as expected. In addition, we dated a striking Paleolithic male lineage expansion to 41,000–52,000 yr ago and the node representing the major European Y lineage, R1b, to 4000–13,000 yr ago, supporting a Neolithic origin for these modern European Y chromosomes. In all, we provide a nearly 10-fold increase in the number of Y markers with phylogenetic information, and novel historical insights derived from placing them on a calibrated phylogenetic tree.}, 
URL = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/23/2/388.abstract}, 
eprint = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/23/2/388.full.pdf+html}, 
journal = {Genome Research} 
}