TY - JOUR A1 - Landt, Stephen G. A1 - Marinov, Georgi K. A1 - Kundaje, Anshul A1 - Kheradpour, Pouya A1 - Pauli, Florencia A1 - Batzoglou, Serafim A1 - Bernstein, Bradley E. A1 - Bickel, Peter A1 - Brown, James B. A1 - Cayting, Philip A1 - Chen, Yiwen A1 - DeSalvo, Gilberto A1 - Epstein, Charles A1 - Fisher-Aylor, Katherine I. A1 - Euskirchen, Ghia A1 - Gerstein, Mark A1 - Gertz, Jason A1 - Hartemink, Alexander J. A1 - Hoffman, Michael M. A1 - Iyer, Vishwanath R. A1 - Jung, Youngsook L. A1 - Karmakar, Subhradip A1 - Kellis, Manolis A1 - Kharchenko, Peter V. A1 - Li, Qunhua A1 - Liu, Tao A1 - Liu, X. Shirley A1 - Ma, Lijia A1 - Milosavljevic, Aleksandar A1 - Myers, Richard M. A1 - Park, Peter J. A1 - Pazin, Michael J. A1 - Perry, Marc D. A1 - Raha, Debasish A1 - Reddy, Timothy E. A1 - Rozowsky, Joel A1 - Shoresh, Noam A1 - Sidow, Arend A1 - Slattery, Matthew A1 - Stamatoyannopoulos, John A. A1 - Tolstorukov, Michael Y. A1 - White, Kevin P. A1 - Xi, Simon A1 - Farnham, Peggy J. A1 - Lieb, Jason D. A1 - Wold, Barbara J. A1 - Snyder, Michael T1 - ChIP-seq guidelines and practices of the ENCODE and modENCODE consortia Y1 - 2012/09/01 JF - Genome Research JO - Genome Research SP - 1813 EP - 1831 DO - 10.1101/gr.136184.111 VL - 22 IS - 9 UR - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/22/9/1813.abstract N2 - Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) has become a valuable and widely used approach for mapping the genomic location of transcription-factor binding and histone modifications in living cells. Despite its widespread use, there are considerable differences in how these experiments are conducted, how the results are scored and evaluated for quality, and how the data and metadata are archived for public use. These practices affect the quality and utility of any global ChIP experiment. Through our experience in performing ChIP-seq experiments, the ENCODE and modENCODE consortia have developed a set of working standards and guidelines for ChIP experiments that are updated routinely. The current guidelines address antibody validation, experimental replication, sequencing depth, data and metadata reporting, and data quality assessment. We discuss how ChIP quality, assessed in these ways, affects different uses of ChIP-seq data. All data sets used in the analysis have been deposited for public viewing and downloading at the ENCODE (http://encodeproject.org/ENCODE/) and modENCODE (http://www.modencode.org/) portals. ER -