TY  - JOUR
A1  - Perego, Ugo A.
A1  - Angerhofer, Norman
A1  - Pala, Maria
A1  - Olivieri, Anna
A1  - Lancioni, Hovirag
A1  - Kashani, Baharak Hooshiar
A1  - Carossa, Valeria
A1  - Ekins, Jayne E.
A1  - Gómez-Carballa, Alberto
A1  - Huber, Gabriela
A1  - Zimmermann, Bettina
A1  - Corach, Daniel
A1  - Babudri, Nora
A1  - Panara, Fausto
A1  - Myres, Natalie M.
A1  - Parson, Walther
A1  - Semino, Ornella
A1  - Salas, Antonio
A1  - Woodward, Scott R.
A1  - Achilli, Alessandro
A1  - Torroni, Antonio
T1  - The initial peopling of the Americas: A growing number of founding mitochondrial genomes from Beringia
Y1  - 2010/09/01 
JF  - Genome Research 
JO  - Genome Research 
SP  - 1174 
EP  - 1179 
DO  - 10.1101/gr.109231.110 
VL  - 20 
IS  - 9 
UR  - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/20/9/1174.abstract 
N2  - Pan-American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup C1 has been recently subdivided into three branches, two of which (C1b and C1c) are characterized by ages and geographical distributions that are indicative of an early arrival from Beringia with Paleo-Indians. In contrast, the estimated ages of C1d—the third subset of C1—looked too young to fit the above scenario. To define the origin of this enigmatic C1 branch, we completely sequenced 63 C1d mitochondrial genomes from a wide range of geographically diverse, mixed, and indigenous American populations. The revised phylogeny not only brings the age of C1d within the range of that of its two sister clades, but reveals that there were two C1d founder genomes for Paleo-Indians. Thus, the recognized maternal founding lineages of Native Americans are at least 15, indicating that the overall number of Beringian or Asian founder mitochondrial genomes will probably increase extensively when all Native American haplogroups reach the same level of phylogenetic and genomic resolution as obtained here for C1d. 
ER  -