TY - JOUR A1 - The Génolevures Consortium A1 - Souciet, Jean-Luc A1 - Dujon, Bernard A1 - Gaillardin, Claude A1 - Johnston, Mark A1 - Baret, Philippe V. A1 - Cliften, Paul A1 - Sherman, David J. A1 - Weissenbach, Jean A1 - Westhof, Eric A1 - Wincker, Patrick A1 - Jubin, Claire A1 - Poulain, Julie A1 - Barbe, Valérie A1 - Ségurens, Béatrice A1 - Artiguenave, François A1 - Anthouard, Véronique A1 - Vacherie, Benoit A1 - Val, Marie-Eve A1 - Fulton, Robert S. A1 - Minx, Patrick A1 - Wilson, Richard A1 - Durrens, Pascal A1 - Jean, Géraldine A1 - Marck, Christian A1 - Martin, Tiphaine A1 - Nikolski, Macha A1 - Rolland, Thomas A1 - Seret, Marie-Line A1 - Casarégola, Serge A1 - Despons, Laurence A1 - Fairhead, Cécile A1 - Fischer, Gilles A1 - Lafontaine, Ingrid A1 - Leh, Véronique A1 - Lemaire, Marc A1 - de Montigny, Jacky A1 - Neuvéglise, Cécile A1 - Thierry, Agnès A1 - Blanc-Lenfle, Isabelle A1 - Bleykasten, Claudine A1 - Diffels, Julie A1 - Fritsch, Emilie A1 - Frangeul, Lionel A1 - Goëffon, Adrien A1 - Jauniaux, Nicolas A1 - Kachouri-Lafond, Rym A1 - Payen, Célia A1 - Potier, Serge A1 - Pribylova, Lenka A1 - Ozanne, Christophe A1 - Richard, Guy-Franck A1 - Sacerdot, Christine A1 - Straub, Marie-Laure A1 - Talla, Emmanuel T1 - Comparative genomics of protoploid Saccharomycetaceae Y1 - 2009/10/01 JF - Genome Research JO - Genome Research SP - 1696 EP - 1709 DO - 10.1101/gr.091546.109 VL - 19 IS - 10 UR - http://genome.cshlp.org/content/19/10/1696.abstract N2 - Our knowledge of yeast genomes remains largely dominated by the extensive studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the consequences of its ancestral duplication, leaving the evolution of the entire class of hemiascomycetes only partly explored. We concentrate here on five species of Saccharomycetaceae, a large subdivision of hemiascomycetes, that we call “protoploid” because they diverged from the S. cerevisiae lineage prior to its genome duplication. We determined the complete genome sequences of three of these species: Kluyveromyces (Lachancea) thermotolerans and Saccharomyces (Lachancea) kluyveri (two members of the newly described Lachancea clade), and Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. We included in our comparisons the previously available sequences of Kluyveromyces lactis and Ashbya (Eremothecium) gossypii. Despite their broad evolutionary range and significant individual variations in each lineage, the five protoploid Saccharomycetaceae share a core repertoire of approximately 3300 protein families and a high degree of conserved synteny. Synteny blocks were used to define gene orthology and to infer ancestors. Far from representing minimal genomes without redundancy, the five protoploid yeasts contain numerous copies of paralogous genes, either dispersed or in tandem arrays, that, altogether, constitute a third of each genome. Ancient, conserved paralogs as well as novel, lineage-specific paralogs were identified. ER -