@article{Larsson01062008,
author = {Larsson, Pontus and Hinas, Andrea and Ardell, David H. and Kirsebom, Leif A. and Virtanen, Anders and Söderbom, Fredrik}, 
title = {De novo search for non-coding RNA genes in the AT-rich genome of Dictyostelium discoideum: Performance of Markov-dependent genome feature scoring},
volume = {18}, 
number = {6}, 
pages = {888-899}, 
year = {2008}, 
doi = {10.1101/gr.069104.107}, 
abstract ={Genome data are increasingly important in the computational identification of novel regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, most ncRNA gene-finders are either specialized to well-characterized ncRNA gene families or require comparisons of closely related genomes. We developed a method for de novo screening for ncRNA genes with a nucleotide composition that stands out against the background genome based on a partial sum process. We compared the performance when assuming independent and first-order Markov-dependent nucleotides, respectively, and used Karlin-Altschul and Karlin-Dembo statistics to evaluate the significance of hits. We hypothesized that a first-order Markov-dependent process might have better power to detect ncRNA genes since nearest-neighbor models have been shown to be successful in predicting RNA structures. A model based on a first-order partial sum process (analyzing overlapping dinucleotides) had better sensitivity and specificity than a zeroth-order model when applied to the AT-rich genome of the amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. In this genome, we detected 94% of previously known ncRNA genes (at this sensitivity, the false positive rate was estimated to be 25% in a simulated background). The predictions were further refined by clustering candidate genes according to sequence similarity and/or searching for an ncRNA-associated upstream element. We experimentally verified six out of 10 tested ncRNA gene predictions. We conclude that higher-order models, in combination with other information, are useful for identification of novel ncRNA gene families in single-genome analysis of D. discoideum. Our generalizable approach extends the range of genomic data that can be searched for novel ncRNA genes using well-grounded statistical methods.}, 
URL = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/18/6/888.abstract}, 
eprint = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/18/6/888.full.pdf+html}, 
journal = {Genome Research} 
}