RT Journal
A1 Koch, Christoph M.
A1 Andrews, Robert M.
A1 Flicek, Paul
A1 Dillon, Shane C.
A1 Karaöz, Ulaş
A1 Clelland, Gayle K.
A1 Wilcox, Sarah
A1 Beare, David M.
A1 Fowler, Joanna C.
A1 Couttet, Phillippe
A1 James, Keith D.
A1 Lefebvre, Gregory C.
A1 Bruce, Alexander W.
A1 Dovey, Oliver M.
A1 Ellis, Peter D.
A1 Dhami, Pawandeep
A1 Langford, Cordelia F.
A1 Weng, Zhiping
A1 Birney, Ewan
A1 Carter, Nigel P.
A1 Vetrie, David
A1 Dunham, Ian
T1 The landscape of histone modifications across 1% of the human genome in five human cell lines
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2007 
FD June 01 
VO 17 
IS 6 
SP 691 
OP 707 
DO 10.1101/gr.5704207 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/17/6/691.abstract 
AB We generated high-resolution maps of histone H3 lysine 9/14 acetylation (H3ac), histone H4 lysine 5/8/12/16 acetylation (H4ac), and histone H3 at lysine 4 mono-, di-, and trimethylation (H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K4me3, respectively) across the ENCODE regions. Studying each modification in five human cell lines including the ENCODE Consortium common cell lines GM06990 (lymphoblastoid) and HeLa-S3, as well as K562, HFL-1, and MOLT4, we identified clear patterns of histone modification profiles with respect to genomic features. H3K4me3, H3K4me2, and H3ac modifications are tightly associated with the transcriptional start sites (TSSs) of genes, while H3K4me1 and H4ac have more widespread distributions. TSSs reveal characteristic patterns of both types of modification present and the position relative to TSSs. These patterns differ between active and inactive genes and in particular the state of H3K4me3 and H3ac modifications is highly predictive of gene activity. Away from TSSs, modification sites are enriched in H3K4me1 and relatively depleted in H3K4me3 and H3ac. Comparison between cell lines identified differences in the histone modification profiles associated with transcriptional differences between the cell lines. These results provide an overview of the functional relationship among histone modifications and gene expression in human cells.