RT Journal
A1 Mokrousov, Igor
A1 Ly, Ho Minh
A1 Otten, Tatiana
A1 Lan, Nguyen Ngoc
A1 Vyshnevskyi, Boris
A1 Hoffner, Sven
A1 Narvskaya, Olga
T1 Origin and primary dispersal of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype: Clues from human phylogeography
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2005 
FD October 01 
VO 15 
IS 10 
SP 1357 
OP 1364 
DO 10.1101/gr.3840605 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/10/1357.abstract 
AB We suggest that the evolution of the population structure of microbial pathogens is influenced by that of modern humans. Consequently, the timing of hallmark changes in bacterial genomes within the last 100,000 yr may be attempted by comparison with relevant human migrations. Here, we used a lineage within Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a Beijing genotype, as a model and compared its phylogeography with human demography and Y chromosome-based phylogeography. We hypothesize that two key events shaped the early history of the Beijing genotype: (1) its Upper Palaeolithic origin in the Homo sapiens sapiens K-M9 cluster in Central Asia, and (2) primary Neolithic dispersal of the secondary Beijing NTF::IS6110 lineage by Proto-Sino-Tibetan farmers within east Asia (human O-M214/M122 haplogroup). The independent introductions of the Beijing strains from east Asia to northern Eurasia and South Africa were likely historically recent, whereas their differential dissemination within these areas has been influenced by demographic and climatic factors.