@article{Pereira01012005,
author = {Pereira, Luísa and Richards, Martin and Goios, Ana and Alonso, Antonio and Albarrán, Cristina and Garcia, Oscar and Behar, Doron M. and Gölge, Mukaddes and Hatina, Jiři and Al-Gazali, Lihadh and Bradley, Daniel G. and Macaulay, Vincent and Amorim, António}, 
title = {High-resolution mtDNA evidence for the late-glacial resettlement of Europe from an Iberian refugium},
volume = {15}, 
number = {1}, 
pages = {19-24}, 
year = {2005}, 
doi = {10.1101/gr.3182305}, 
abstract ={The advent of complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data has ushered in a new phase of human evolutionary studies. Even quite limited volumes of complete mtDNA sequence data can now be used to identify the critical polymorphisms that define sub-clades within an mtDNA haplogroup, providing a springboard for large-scale high-resolution screening of human mtDNAs. This strategy has in the past been applied to mtDNA haplogroup V, which represents <5% of European mtDNAs. Here we adopted a similar approach to haplogroup H, by far the most common European haplogroup, which at lower resolution displayed a rather uninformative frequency distribution within Europe. Using polymorphism information derived from the growing complete mtDNA sequence database, we sequenced 1580 base pairs of targeted coding-region segments of the mtDNA genome in 649 individuals harboring mtDNA haplogroup H from populations throughout Europe, the Caucasus, and the Near East. The enhanced genealogical resolution clearly shows that sub-clades of haplogroup H have highly distinctive geographical distributions. The patterns of frequency and diversity suggest that haplogroup H entered Europe from the Near East ∼20,000–25,000 years ago, around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and some sub-clades re-expanded from an Iberian refugium when the glaciers retreated ∼15,000 years ago. This shows that a large fraction of the maternal ancestry of modern Europeans traces back to the expansion of hunter-gatherer populations at the end of the last Ice Age.}, 
URL = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/1/19.abstract}, 
eprint = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/1/19.full.pdf+html}, 
journal = {Genome Research} 
}