RT Journal
A1 Daza-Vamenta, Riza
A1 Glusman, Gustavo
A1 Rowen, Lee
A1 Guthrie, Brandon
A1 Geraghty, Daniel E.
T1 Genetic Divergence of the Rhesus Macaque Major Histocompatibility Complex
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2004 
FD August 01 
VO 14 
IS 8 
SP 1501 
OP 1515 
DO 10.1101/gr.2134504 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/14/8/1501.abstract 
AB The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is comprised of the class I, class II, and class III regions, including the MHC class I and class II genes that play a primary role in the immune response and serve as an important model in studies of primate evolution. Although nonhuman primates contribute significantly to comparative human studies, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity and genomics underlying nonhuman primate immunity. To address this issue, we sequenced a complete rhesus macaque MHC spanning over 5.3 Mb, and obtained an additional 2.3 Mb from a second haplotype, including class II and portions of class I and class III. A major expansion of from six class I genes in humans to as many as 22 active MHC class I genes in rhesus and levels of sequence divergence some 10-fold higher than a similar human comparison were found, averaging from 2% to 6% throughout extended portions of class I and class II. These data pose new interpretations of the evolutionary constraints operating between MHC diversity and T-cell selection by contrasting with models predicting an optimal number of antigen presenting genes. For the clinical model, these data and derivative genetic tools can be implemented in ongoing genetic and disease studies that involve the rhesus macaque.