RT Journal
A1 Khaitovich, Philipp
A1 Muetzel, Bjoern
A1 She, Xinwei
A1 Lachmann, Michael
A1 Hellmann, Ines
A1 Dietzsch, Janko
A1 Steigele, Stephan
A1 Do, Hong-Hai
A1 Weiss, Gunter
A1 Enard, Wolfgang
A1 Heissig, Florian
A1 Arendt, Thomas
A1 Nieselt-Struwe, Kay
A1 Eichler, Evan E.
A1 Pääbo, Svante
T1 Regional Patterns of Gene Expression in Human and Chimpanzee Brains
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2004 
FD August 01 
VO 14 
IS 8 
SP 1462 
OP 1473 
DO 10.1101/gr.2538704 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/14/8/1462.abstract 
AB We have analyzed gene expression in various brain regions of humans and chimpanzees. Within both human and chimpanzee individuals, the transcriptomes of the cerebral cortex are very similar to each other and differ more between individuals than among regions within an individual. In contrast, the transcriptomes of the cerebral cortex, the caudate nucleus, and the cerebellum differ substantially from each other. Between humans and chimpanzees, 10% of genes differ in their expression in at least one region of the brain. The majority of these expression differences are shared among all brain regions. Whereas genes encoding proteins involved in signal transduction and cell differentiation differ significantly between brain regions within individuals, no such pattern is seen between the species. However, a subset of genes that show expression differences between humans and chimpanzees are distributed nonrandomly across the genome. Furthermore, genes that show an elevated expression level in humans are statistically significantly enriched in regions that are recently duplicated in humans.