@article{Saunders01072003,
author = {Saunders, Neil F.W. and Thomas, Torsten and Curmi, Paul M.G. and Mattick, John S. and Kuczek, Elizabeth and Slade, Rob and Davis, John and Franzmann, Peter D. and Boone, David and Rusterholtz, Karl and Feldman, Robert and Gates, Chris and Bench, Shellie and Sowers, Kevin and Kadner, Kristen and Aerts, Andrea and Dehal, Paramvir and Detter, Chris and Glavina, Tijana and Lucas, Susan and Richardson, Paul and Larimer, Frank and Hauser, Loren and Land, Miriam and Cavicchioli, Ricardo}, 
title = {Mechanisms of Thermal Adaptation Revealed From the Genomes of the
 Antarctic Archaea Methanogenium frigidum and Methanococcoides
 burtonii},
volume = {13}, 
number = {7}, 
pages = {1580-1588}, 
year = {2003}, 
doi = {10.1101/gr.1180903}, 
abstract ={We generated draft genome sequences for two cold-adapted Archaea,
 Methanogenium frigidum and Methanococcoides burtonii, to
 identify genotypic characteristics that distinguish them from Archaea
 with a higher optimal growth temperature (OGT). Comparative genomics revealed
 trends in amino acid and tRNA composition, and structural features of
 proteins. Proteins from the cold-adapted Archaea are characterized by
 a higher content of noncharged polar amino acids, particularly Gln and Thr and
 a lower content of hydrophobic amino acids, particularly Leu. Sequence data
 from nine methanogen genomes (OGT 15°–98°C) were used to
 generate 1111 modeled protein structures. Analysis of the models from the
 cold-adapted Archaea showed a strong tendency in the
 solvent-accessible area for more Gln, Thr, and hydrophobic residues and fewer
 charged residues. A cold shock domain (CSD) protein (CspA homolog) was
 identified in M. frigidum, two hypothetical proteins with CSD-folds
 in M. burtonii, and a unique winged helix DNA-binding domain protein
 in M. burtonii. This suggests that these types of nucleic acid
 binding proteins have a critical role in cold-adapted Archaea.
 Structural analysis of tRNA sequences from the Archaea indicated that
 GC content is the major factor influencing tRNA stability in
 hyperthermophiles, but not in the psychrophiles, mesophiles or moderate
 thermophiles. Below an OGT of 60°C, the GC content in tRNA was largely
 unchanged, indicating that any requirement for flexibility of tRNA in
 psychrophiles is mediated by other means. This is the first time that
 comparisons have been performed with genome data from Archaea
 spanning the growth temperature extremes from psychrophiles to
 hyperthermophiles.}, 
URL = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/13/7/1580.abstract}, 
eprint = {http://genome.cshlp.org/content/13/7/1580.full.pdf+html}, 
journal = {Genome Research} 
}