RT Journal
A1 Poustka, Albert J.
A1 Groth, Detlef
A1 Hennig, Steffen
A1 Thamm, Sabine
A1 Cameron, Andrew
A1 Beck, Alfred
A1 Reinhardt, Richard
A1 Herwig, Ralf
A1 Panopoulou, Georgia
A1 Lehrach, Hans
T1 Generation, Annotation, Evolutionary Analysis, and Database Integration of 20,000 Unique Sea Urchin EST Clusters
JF Genome Research 
JO Genome Research 
YR 2003 
FD December 01 
VO 13 
IS 12 
SP 2736 
OP 2746 
DO 10.1101/gr.1674103 
UL http://genome.cshlp.org/content/13/12/2736.abstract 
AB Together with the hemichordates, sea urchins represent basal groups of nonchordate invertebrate deuterostomes that occupy a key position in bilaterian evolution. Because sea urchin embryos are also amenable to functional studies, the sea urchin system has emerged as one of the leading models for the analysis of the function of genomic regulatory networks that control development. We have analyzed a total of 107,283 cDNA clones of libraries that span the development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Normalization by oligonucleotide fingerprinting, EST sequencing and sequence clustering resulted in an EST catalog comprised of 20,000 unique genes or gene fragments. Around 7000 of the unique EST consensus sequences were associated with molecular and developmental functions. Phylogenetic comparison of the identified genes to the genome of the urochordate Ciona intestinalis indicate that at least one quarter of the genes thought to be chordate specific were already present at the base of deuterostome evolution. Comparison of the number of gene copies in sea urchins to those in chordates and vertebrates indicates that the sea urchin genome has not undergone extensive gene or complete genome duplications. The established unique gene set represents an essential tool for the annotation and assembly of the forthcoming sea urchin genome sequence. All cDNA clones and filters of all analyzed libraries are available from the resource center of the German genome project at http://www.rzpd.de.